Literature And Music Have Been Mediums - 784 Words

Literature and music have been mediums for people to express themselves for thousands of years. Depending on when content is created, it reflects the time period it came from, and the issues people dealt with during the era. Not only does music and literature bring to light, injustices and conflict, it also enlightens the public on important concepts. Art and literature work hand in hand to bring to light injustice, provide entertainment, and enlighten the general public. Merriam-Webster defines literature as: â€Å" written works (such as poems, plays, and novels) that are considered to be very good and to have lasting importance†. This method of communication has been used for centuries because of its ability to accurately identify with the mass public. One of the earliest works to have an impact was Plato’s â€Å"The Republic†. A central question of the work is: â€Å"[W]hat is justice?†, in regards to politics/social experiences and how does it coin cide with happiness? The work caused readers to consider alternate viewpoints on the definition of justice and how one s actions can affect their happiness. More importantly, â€Å"The Republic† showed how unsure and lost people are on these particular issues. When pursuing an issue, it s important to take a step back and reconsider one’s approach. Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† also had a huge impact on political thought, and is arguably the most influential of political literature. Instead of dealing with political uncertainty, MachiavelliShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Robert Stam s Time And The City 886 Words   |  4 PagesBoth literature and cinema have the ability to emotionally engage its audience not just through the language and visuals but through the poetics created from it. While literature focuses on precise language and structuring, film can also make use of various mediums to build on a theme. Many of the poetic themes in both mediums, h owever, are found in their use of disunity. 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While many doRead MoreThe Book Smarter s Is Pointed Out By Robert Stam1493 Words   |  6 Pagesgain can be detected.1 The notion of fidelity between a novel and the adaptation seems to generally have a high importance to the masses; one can be disappointed if the adaptation does not meet personal expectations such as narrative, thematic and aesthetic features.2 Fidelity between a literary and a cinematic work might, according to Stam, be impossible due to automatic differences in change of medium.3 Many misunderstandings about the relation between the two art forms exist. Therefore, Stam suggests

How Did Life Start - 1696 Words

How did life start? Where did humanity come from? These are some versions of questions that everyone asks themselves at some point. Of course the two main answers are; one, God created the world or two, the world today is a product of evolution. It is only natural to want to have a firm grasp on the answer. These questions are not something to simply have a quick concise answer. To get to the root of the question requires thought and time, Charles Darwin expressed his answer in the form of a book. When Darwin wrote The Origin of Species, it was a product of its time; remarkably over 150 later it is still a substantial read. To understand the jaw dropping response of Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species, one must take a look at the current†¦show more content†¦The Pax Britannica was a period from 1815 to 1860, where Britain became the hegemonic power. Britain procured roughly 400 million people and broadened its geographic scope, thanks to the Royal Navy (Matzke 5). This was a time where exploration became prevalent, curiosity of the world created the need for exploratory expeditions. The expedition of the HMS Beagle laid the foundation of Darwin’s famous theory of evolution. In 1831, Charles Darwin graduates from Cambridge and he begins his five year journey upon the HMS Beagle. During this time he studies the geology and natural history of many of the world’s Southern countries. Once Darwin returns to England in 1836 he begins reviewing and cataloging his findings he collected, this marks his conception of the theory of evolution. As years pass, Darwin publishes several small series of his findings in his voyage. It wasn’t until 1858 when a British naturalist by the name of Alfred R. Wallace approached him with a theory of evolution, almost mirroring Darwin’s ideas. In 1859 Darwin publishes his ideas of natural selection and the struggle for life. Highlighting on human evolution, this throws the religious institution in a tail spin. The book crushed the biblical notion of the creation of man; however Origin was still widely read. Charles Darwin addresses his theory of evolution in several different positions in his most influential work The Origin of Species. The

Crisis Management 1 The Day After Tomorrow Free Essays

There is probably no better movie in the world to look at crisis management and Hollywood’s lack of understanding than â€Å"The Day After Tomorrow†. This movie deals with a major catastrophic event worldwide and shows viewers the alleged reaction of the American government. Although it provides interesting drama for the movie, the way the American government reacts to the crisis is not only a poor example of crisis management, but also paints an unrealistic picture of the efficiency of the government and emergency responders. We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis Management 1: The Day After Tomorrow or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the beginning, the movie is a bit preachy about the environment and the American government’s unwillingness to listen to the doomsayers about the coming crisis. No one from the vice president down wants to hear what the government employed climatologist has to say about the weather. The first problem with this is that the climatologist is even trying to report to the vice president. It is possible that in an extreme crisis situation, the chain of command might be broken to get more information quickly to decision-makers, but the main character does so before the crisis even hits the United States. If he had followed the chain of command, it seems more likely that crisis response teams could have begun developing scenarios for the crisis he was envisioning. Evaluating the crisis response in this movie in many ways comes down to evaluating the response to several major crises leading up to the huge global cooling event.   The first event that affects the United States is a huge weather system, so-called super storms which ground air traffic and begin causing flooding in Lower Manhattan.   At approximately the same time, we see a series of huge tornadoes devastate Los Angeles and then we see the President declare a national state of emergency. However, not a single one of these crises were handled in accordance with crisis management theory or crisis management reality as it exists today. First we will deal with the super storm and the subsequent plane crashes. The first evidence that we as viewer have of the increasing storm activity is on the flight of Jake Gyllenhaal’s character from Washington D.C. to New York for a scholar bowl competition. Sam, Gyllenhaal’s character, is supposed to be terrified of flying anyway, so when the plane hits turbulence the effect is supposed to be suspenseful. But from an emergency management point of view, it is evidence that the Federal Aviation Administration would have grounded flights long before the lightning got so bad that it was knocking planes out of the air. The movie claims several major plane crashes occur before the FAA can get planes out of the sky. This is just hogwash. After September 11, 2001, the FAA has procedures in place to scramble to get planes on the ground. Tiny airports dotting the countryside are equipped for emergency landings and after the turbulence on one flight was bad enough to activate oxygen masks, the FAA would have immediately grounded flights flying through that storm. The second major problem that the movie has with crisis management comes in the form of the flooding in Lower Manhattan. When the problem is simply a backed up sewer at a prep school, it is possible that the response would be to move the students to alternate locations in the city until the morning. However, these were high school children. There is no way that the school system would have allowed them to begin randomly moving around the city the next morning when the flooding had extended to the streets and made some roads and rail lines impassable. In addition, major flooding on an island like New York is a major crisis event. The movie depicted the beginning of the horror in New York City as just another rain storm and showed no evidence of a crisis response from city officials. Even if the sudden cold snap had been unpredictable, the rain forecast wasn’t and city officials and emergency personnel would have been preparing in one way or another before the freeze hit. This utter lack of regard for reality and crisis management strikes home again later in the movie when Sam and others have taken refuge in the library. For unknown reasons, the lone police officer in the bunch decides that it is better to encourage people to walk out of the city rather than stay in the relatively warm and dry library where they have shelter and some food. While not all police officers are trained to handle a serious crisis, the idea that this one encouraged people to give up shelter and food to being an unknown trek is completely against any crisis management theory taught in the world. He had no reason to believe that people would not be safe in the library and should have, would have kept them there. The response in Los Angeles to the tornadoes was also just ridiculous. The movie shows the country watching in horror as LA is destroyed, but no once do we hear the Federal Emergency Management Personnel begin mobilizing or calling their local counterparts or in any way reacting to the scene.   Given the nature of the disaster, FEMA officials should have been on the phone before the winds stopped mobilizing search and rescue teams immediately to secure the city and recovery teams should have been getting their alerts as well. Instead, the movie makes it appear that California was basically ignored as it was blown away. Finally, the real tragedy of the crisis approach in the movie is that the movie makers failed to realize that this type of national event would almost immediately result in martial law. Doctors would not be allowed to wait around at hospitals to see if their patients were evacuated and private ambulance companies would not be the ones emptying the hospitals of the transportable patients as the country was evacuated. And, the president would not be allowed to refuse to move out of his office. He would be taken into some kind of mobile command center, against his will if necessary, for the preservation of the country. Like any good â€Å"Die Hard† movie, â€Å"Die Hard with a Vengeance† involves bad guys and hostages. What makes this a classic crisis movie is the portion of the movie dealing with the hostages in a public elementary school in New York City. The basic plot of the movie is that Bruce Willis and Samuel L. Jackson have to stop the bag guys and get the code to defuse the bomb in the school so that the hostages can get away.   The problem is that the bad guys have claimed that if they see anything indicating that the school is being evacuated they will use a remote detonator and set off the bomb as the children try to evacuate. This movie does some things right as far as crisis management theory goes. School personnel, including teachers, are enlisted to help emergency personnel devise a plan to evacuate the building and the bomb squad is brought in to attempt to find and defuse the bomb.   Then, it wanders away from reality and never finds its way back. Detective John McClain (Bruce Willis) runs into a father with two children at the school. Zeus Carter (Samuel L. Jackson) refuses to take no for an answer and insists on helping McClain find the bad guys. Wrong! One of the most important theories of crisis management is to minimize the risk.   The police would never let an untrained civilian get involved in the operation. If Mr. Carter insisted, he would be arrested and held until the crisis was over. The next step would be to remove the children from the location. Even though the bombers had threatened to detonate the bomb as soon as they saw any attempt to rescue the children, the first priority would have been to evacuate the children.   A large portion of crisis theory is risk management and despite the fact that we were dealing with children and the potential loss of life, those in charge of crisis management would have decided that it was better to attempt to get the children out of the building rather than leave them as sitting ducks for the bad guys to blow up at will.   The goal of the crisis management team would have been secure the building in any way possible and to prevent as much loss of life as possible. Though they would understand the potential for second guessing if something went wrong, they would have also seen the potential for the situation to simply get worse if the children were not immediately removed from the building.   While the idea of having the children sprint away from the building as fast as possible seems sound, the reality is that it would not have been tried as the potential for injury there would be great as well. Real crisis management teams would have figured out when the bomb was and gotten the children to the exits farthest from it and then attempted to put in some sort of blast shielding to minimize the danger while removing the children from the situation. Even more disturbing is the fact that the movie depicts the evacuation process as chaotic enough to allow two children to slip away from their teachers and law enforcement personnel to hide out in the school. In a real emergency, teachers would have checked and double-checked to make sure that every student was accounted for and emergency personnel would have been patrolling the building behind the evacuees to make certain that no one stayed behind. Finally, there was only a limited effort to control the news media. In a major crisis event of this type, cellular communication with the building would have been terminated in an effort to prevent word of the hostage crisis from reaching the media and in the event that the media were made aware of the crisis, strict controls would have been used to keep them quiet about the crisis, including blackmail. It is not unusual for crisis personnel to make it clear to the media in the midst of a crisis that cooperation during the crisis will lead to better access to stories once the crisis is over. And, the news media makes decisions daily when it weighs the public’s need to know against security. If the reporters were informed of the delicate nature of the situation and the potential for the loss of human life, most would have willingly gone along with a blackout of the event until after the children were safe. The problem is that real crisis management does not necessarily make for good drama. Though the conflicts in decision-making procedures exist, they are not open discussions that anyone can participate in. In a real emergency, the crisis management is left to the professionals. It’s too bad movies can’t seem to understand that. The beauty of the crisis situation in â€Å"Dawn of the Dead† is that the crisis appears quickly, but not instantly and it develops mostly over night. This crisis is also insidious in that people become infected and may not demonstrate their symptoms for several hours or even a day later. Worse yet, for crisis management teams, it is the worst type of crisis imaginable—the nature of the threat is unknown but rapidly spreading and the disbelief that we have trained into ourselves and our children works to prevent rapid response to the crisis. The plague causing the zombies in â€Å"Dawn of the Dead† has the ability to take hold and gain strength because the first few times that medical personnel run into it, they disbelieve what they are seeing. Though it is important for emergency personnel to be skeptical, they c=should be willing to act based on observable facts even when the facts make no sense. That is the major failing of the emergency response in this movie. Otherwise, the writers largely got it right. When it became clear that a major epidemic was facing the city, officials would first have warned people to remain in their homes and then, barring that would have set up emergency shelters. One of the good things about the use of emergency shelters in the movie is that they used traditional shelters like churches and a military base, an option that definitely would be considered in the event of a widespread event. The fact that before the emergency broadcasts end, they have contacted officials with the Centers for Disease Control and that the CDC is in charge on the event makes a great deal of sense. The only thing lacking would have been a stronger military presence on the streets once the state of emergency had been declared, but at least the movie attempts to explain this too when it mentions later on that the Army base has been overrun. Even more impressive than the outside response to the crisis, is the crisis management implementation that develops within the group of survivors. Though there is some initial posturing between the thief and the police officer, everyone quickly falls into roles appropriate to the situation and begins to work together to overcome their immediate needs: shelter that is safe from the threat. The opening scenes of the movie show people doing what is necessary to survive, even when it contradicts what it their normal behavior pattern, a classic observation of crisis theory. People will do what they need to do in order to survive. This is true in the killing of the zombies and even the decisions to flee their homes. Once they arrive at the mall, after the mall is secured and they have successfully risen up against the mall security guards, the group begins to settle into the realities of crisis management: they determine if they can meet their basic needs and then if there is an escape their condition. They put notes on the building roof to indicate the presence of survivors and they take up whatever pursuits help them get through the monotony of existence while the threat continues, including Steve’s incessant need for sex and the â€Å"games† of kill the zombie that they play from the mall rooftop. Finally, the group reaches the point where it must investigate the threat and determine how to handle it. The movie does a good job of showing the learning process and the impact of all the stresses on the psyche of the people involved.   The group determines to leave the mall when it becomes clear that they cannot live their indefinitely and then they begin a very crisis management approach to leaving, setting up supplies ad making their exit as defensible as possible.   The only failure in their crisis management theory is the lack of available information with regard to other safe havens. It proves to be their undoing. However, unlike the other movies I have reviewed, this one seemed to understand that theory. 1) Control or contain the threat 2) Seek Shelter 3)Seek other basic necessities. I think many other disaster movies would be more enjoyable if they could follow his pattern and stick to reality. How to cite Crisis Management 1: The Day After Tomorrow, Essay examples

The Worldwide Epidemiology

Question: Describe about The Article for Worldwide Epidemiolog. Answer: A person is said to be fat if the person have a high amount of the calories. Fat helps in keeping an individual healthy but excess fat is not good for heath. The official fattest country of Europe is the United Kingdom. In UK one out of every five adult is overweight and one in every fifteen is obese. It is estimated from the recent studies thatin the next 20 years the number of obese adult in the country will increase to 26 million people that is around seventy three percent of the total population (Jha et al. 2013pp.260-272.). The health experts say that if this continues then it will subsequently result in the rise of more than a million extra cases of type 2 Diabetes, heart disease and cancer. In the year 1994 the number of cases of Type 2 Diabetes was 1.4 million which have reach to 2.9 million in present time and it may rise to five million in the year 2025 (Krijthe et al. 2013 pp.2746-2751.). Diabetes affects over 9 percent of the global population. Previous it was called as t he adult onset Diabetes but now it is found in the young adults and even the children are also sometimes affected by the disease. Being overweight and obesity increases the chances of development of type 2 Diabetes. In this disease the amount insulin produced by the body is enough but the cells become resistant to the action of the insulin. This happens because if someone is overweight then the insides of the individual cells gets stressed. Particularly due to overeating the membranous network present inside the cells normally known as Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) gets stressed. When this ER has to process more nutrient than the capacity it can handle, an alarm is send out by the ER. This signal insist the cell to dampen down the insulin receptors on the cell surface (Kaufman et al. 2014 pp.2233-2239.). This ultimately result in the insulin resistance and as a result of that the concentration of sugar and glucose in the blood increases which is one of the sure sign of forming diabetes. Also the adipose tissue is the source of several chemical signals, cytokines and hormones to other tissues. The TNFwhich is an in flammatory cytokine, activates the NF-B pathwaythat is linked to the developing procedure of the insulin resistant (Wort et al. 2016 pp. A6592-A6592). These inflammation related cytokine found in the obese people results in the production of the smaller and fewer mitochondria than normal and thus making the body more prone to insulin resistant. The result of increase in the fat tissue is that the body secretes RBP4, this increases the insulin resistance by blocking the insulins action in the liver and muscle. Also the presence of fat in the body may cause a decrease in the level of adiponectin which acts in the opposite way of RBP4. Thus both the low level of adiponectin and high level of RBP4 increases the risk of development of Diabetes (Vieira et al 2015). Body fat cannot be reduce by cutting down on dietary fat. The dietary fat like the proteins and carbohydrate also provide energy for the body. If more calories are consumed in a day than it is used then the body converts the ex cess calories into fat. It is proved by the medical studies that high fat diets are not the direct cause of excess body fat. However the original fact is that low fat or the fat free foods can also increase overall body fat because the fats that are removed are often replaced by high amounts of carbohydrates, sugars and calories. Studies show that saturated fats may increase the total blood cholesterol and low density lipoproteins which result in the risk of type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The true fact is that not only these thing are not the only reason of increasing the body fat. The diet which are rich in animal fat like butter, red meat, eggs, packaged foods, full-fat dairy food and fried foods are also responsible for causing the diseases like type 2 Diabetes. To avoid the occurrence of these disease a diet which emphasizes the seafood, whole and plant based food like the vegetables, fruits, grains, beans, olive oil and nuts should be followed. Recent studies show that this type of diet causes many health benefits such as decreased the risk of death, cardiovascular disease and type 2 Diabetes. Many doctors also suggest the patient to follow this type of diet in their daily routine. The body fat is the main reason of Type 2 diabetes in more than 64 percent cases of diabetes in the men and 77 percent cases of diabetes in women (Chen et al. 2012 pp.228-236.). It is found that obesity has contributed in approximately more than 55 percent of the cases of type 2 diabetes.Millions of people are suffering from type 2 Diabetes and can be cured just by losing their weight. The researcher of Newcastle University have proved that the disease is caused by the accumulation of the fat in the pancreas and just by losing only one gram every day from the organ can make it possible to reverse this life limiting illness and the level of insulin production can be restored. Type 2 Diabetes can be very chronic and can lead to stroke, blindness, kidney failure, and limb amputation. New researches have also showed that even the obese people who are having the disease can reverse it. The thing that these patient have to do is that they have to make it sure that the weight loss they are going through can be sustainable for long terms and it is obvious that to this the peoples have struggle a lot.This weight loss will also make the people feel lighter and they will be physically more active. A major health promotion campaign has been undertaken by the Department of Health to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes by tackling obesity in the population of UK. The campaign has two primary approaches that include helping the patients to identify whether the people are heading towards poor health and develop Diabetes 2 by being obese or overweight and offering counselling to reduce weight in a stepwise manner. The campaign has also developed a website for supporting the campaign by providing practical advice and helpful tips for reducing their weight and measuring their waist. According to the director of the campaign Mr. Johnson, UK is officially country in the continent of Europe and this incidence is estimated to increase in the next 20 years. It is not realized by most of the people in UK that they are obese and is at a risk of developing Diabetes 2 (Dahlgren and Whitehead 2016). Therefore, the campaign aims to promote well-being and health and reduce health inequalities and this is the reason of mounting this novel initiative. The organizers of the campaign want the people to think about inching towards the development of several diseases due to obesity and take relevant steps to address them. The campaign helped the participants to explain the various adverse health effects by encouraging making changes in lifestyle that are realistic and small that will ultimately help them to maintain a balanced weight (Malik, Willett and Hu 2013). These small changes are feasible for the participants to bring about and can gradually move towards a big difference. The small steps taken by the participants helped them to improve their health by maintaining a balanced weight. The Department of Health aims to work throughout the country and organize similar campaigns to make it easy for the population to choose healthier options and stay active. Obesity is growing in UK as a lifestyle epidemic that is threatening the well-being and health of the population and inc reases the incidence of Diabetes 2. This campaign has been regarded as a breakthrough and timely step to empower the people to lose weight and prevent Diabetes 2 by making positive changes. Various organizations have come forward to develop the campaign and share ideas that will help the people and encourage them to adopt better living with healthy diets and activity. The campaign encouraged the participants to measure their waist and this is beneficial for them as more of this activity will indicate them of their lifestyle choices and the impact that could have on their health. Reference Chen, L., Magliano, D.J. and Zimmet, P.Z., 2012. The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellituspresent and future perspectives. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8(4), pp.228-236. Dahlgren, D. and Whitehead, M., 2016. European Strategies for tackling social inequalities in health: levelling up part 2.World. Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., Saran, R., Wang, A.Y.M. and Yang, C.W., 2013. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. The Lancet, 382(9888), pp.260-272. Kaufman, R.J. and Malhotra, J.D., 2014. Calcium trafficking integrates endoplasmic reticulum function with mitochondrial bioenergetics. BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1843(10), pp.2233-2239. Krijthe, B.P., Kunst, A., Benjamin, E.J., Lip, G.Y., Franco, O.H., Hofman, A., Witteman, J.C., Stricker, B.H. and Heeringa, J., 2013. Projections on the number of individuals with atrial fibrillation in the European Union, from 2000 to 2060. European heart journal, 34(35), pp.2746-2751. Malik, V.S., Willett, W.C. and Hu, F.B., 2013. Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,9(1), pp.13-27. Vieira, P., Castoldi, A., Aryal, P., Wellenstein, K., Yore, M., Peroni, O. and Kahn, B., 2015. CTLA4-Ig treatment improves RBP4-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance triggered by MyD88, JNK, ERK and p38 pathways (IRC8P. 443). The Journal of Immunology, 194(1 Supplement), pp.129-7. Wort, J., Chung, F., Adcock, I.M., Mumby, S. and Natsuki, A., 2016. TNF Stimulates an Inflammatory Response in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPMECs): The Role of NF-B And BET Proteins. In D26. I'M ON FIRE-INFLAMMATION IN PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE (pp. A6592-A6592). American Thoracic Society.